Khoom npe: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Keeb kwm thiab yam ntxwv
Polyamides, feem ntau hu ua Nylon, nrog lub npe Askiv ntawm Polyamide (PA) thiab qhov ntom ntawm 1.15g / cm3, yog cov thermoplastic resins nrog rov ua amide pawg - [NHCO] - ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb molecular, suav nrog aliphatic PA, aliphatic PA thiab aromatic PA.
Aliphatic PA ntau yam muaj ntau, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig loj thiab siv dav.Nws lub npe yog txiav txim los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms nyob rau hauv cov hluavtaws monomer.Nws tau tsim los ntawm nto moo American chemist Carothers thiab nws pab pawg tshawb fawb.
Nylon yog ib lo lus rau polyamide fiber (polyamide), uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov fibers ntev lossis luv.Nylon yog lub npe lag luam ntawm polyamide fiber, tseem hu ua Nylon.Polyamide (PA) yog ib qho aliphatic Polyamide uas yog sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev cog lus amide [NHCO].
Molecular Structure
Cov nylon fiber ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg.
Ib chav kawm ntawm polyhexylenediamine adipate yog tau los ntawm condensation ntawm diamine thiab diacid.Cov qauv tshuaj formula ntawm nws cov saw ntev molecule yog raws li nram no: H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Tus txheeb ze molecular hnyav ntawm hom polyamide no feem ntau yog 17000-23000.
Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm polyamide tuaj yeem tau txais raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm binary amines thiab diacids siv, thiab tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm tus lej ntxiv rau polyamide, uas thawj tus lej yog tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms ntawm binary amines, thiab qhov thib ob. tus lej yog tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms ntawm diacids.Piv txwv li, polyamide 66 qhia tias nws yog tsim los ntawm polycondensation ntawm hexylenediamine thiab adipic acid.Nylon 610 qhia tias nws yog tsim los ntawm hexylenediamine thiab sebacic acid.
Lwm qhov yog tau los ntawm caprolactam polycondensation lossis nplhaib-qhib polymerization.Cov qauv tshuaj formula ntawm nws cov saw ntev molecules yog raws li nram no: H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom hauv chav tsev, cov npe ntawm ntau yam tuaj yeem tau txais.Piv txwv li, polyamide 6 qhia tias nws tau txais los ntawm cyclo-polymerization ntawm caprolactam uas muaj 6 carbon atoms.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 thiab lwm yam aliphatic polyamide fibers yog tag nrho cov tsim ntawm linear macromolecules nrog amide bonds (-NHCO-).Polyamide fiber ntau molecules muaj -CO-, -NH- pawg, tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds hauv molecules lossis molecules, tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov molecules, yog li polyamide fiber ntau hygroscopic muaj peev xwm zoo dua, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv siv lead ua zoo dua.
Vim tias -CH2-(methylene) hauv polyamide molecule tsuas tuaj yeem tsim tsis muaj zog van der Waals quab yuam, cov saw molecular curl ntawm -CH2- ntu ntu yog loj dua.Vim muaj tus lej sib txawv ntawm hnub no CH2-, cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas ntawm inter-molecular hydrogen bonds tsis zoo ib yam, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm molecular crimping kuj txawv.Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov polyamide molecules muaj kev ncaj ncees.Kev taw qhia ntawm cov molecules yog qhov sib txawv, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov fibers tsis zoo ib yam.
Morphological Structure Thiab Daim Ntawv Thov
Cov polyamide fiber ntau tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting spinning muaj qhov hla ntu thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb longitudinal qauv.Cov ntaub so ntswg fibrillar tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv electron microscope, thiab fiber ntau ntawm polyamide 66 yog li 10-15nm.Piv txwv li, polyamide fiber nrog tshwj xeeb-puab spinneret tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam tshwj xeeb-puab, xws li polygonal, nplooj-puab, hollow thiab lwm yam.Nws cov qauv tsom hauv lub xeev yog ze ze rau kev ncab thiab kev kho cua sov thaum lub sij hawm spinning.
Lub pob txha macromolecular ntawm cov polyamide fibers sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm carbon thiab nitrogen atoms.
Profile-shaped fiber tuaj yeem hloov qhov elasticity ntawm fiber ntau, ua rau fiber ntau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb luster thiab puffing cov cuab yeej, txhim kho fiber ntau tuav cov cuab yeej thiab npog peev xwm, tiv thaiv pilling, txo cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub thiab lwm yam.Xws li daim duab peb sab fiber ntau muaj flash nyhuv;Lub tsib-nplooj fiber ntau muaj cov luster ntawm roj teeb, zoo txhais tes zoo thiab tiv thaiv pilling;Hollow fiber ntau vim muaj kab noj hniav, me me, ceev ceev, zoo thaum tshav kub kub preservation.
Polyamide muaj cov khoom zoo, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, kev puas tsuaj, tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm thiab nws tus kheej lubrication, tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient, nplaim retardant rau qee qhov, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, thiab tsim nyog rau kev hloov kho nrog iav fiber ntau thiab lwm yam khoom ntim, yog li txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntau yam.
Polyamide muaj ntau hom, suav nrog PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau ib nrab-aromatic PA6T thiab nylon tshwj xeeb tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-14-2022