Khoom npe: Polyester
Keeb kwm thiab yam ntxwv
Polyester fiber, feem ntau hu ua "polyester".Nws yog ib qho hluavtaws fiber ntau ua los ntawm spinning polyester ua los ntawm polycondensation ntawm organic diacid thiab diol, luv luv rau PET fiber, uas belongs rau siab molecular compound.Tsim nyob rau hauv 1941, tam sim no nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluavtaws fiber ntau.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm polyester fiber yog wrinkle tsis kam thiab zoo khaws cia zoo heev, muaj zog dua thiab elastic rov qab muaj peev xwm.Nws ruaj ruaj, tiv thaiv wrinkle thiab tsis-ironing, tsis-nplaum plaub hau.
Polyester (PET) fiber ntau yog ib hom hluavtaws fiber ntau uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam chains ntawm macromolecular saw txuas los ntawm ester pawg thiab spun rau fiber ntau polymer.Hauv Suav teb, fibers uas muaj ntau dua 85% polyethylene terephthalate yog hu ua polyester luv luv.Muaj ntau lub npe khoom thoob ntiaj teb, xws li Dacron ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Tetoron ntawm Nyiv, Terlenka ntawm Tebchaws Askiv, Lavsan ntawm qub Soviet Union, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo 1894, Vorlander tau ua polyesters ntawm cov txheeb ze molecular hnyav nrog succinyl chloride thiab ethylene glycol.Einkorn synthesized polycarbonate hauv xyoo 1898;Carothers hluavtaws aliphatic polyester: Cov polyester synthesized nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo yog feem ntau aliphatic compound, nws cov txheeb ze molecular luj thiab melting point yog tsawg, yooj yim rau yaj nyob rau hauv dej, yog li nws tsis muaj nqi ntawm textile fiber.Xyoo 1941, Whinfield thiab Dickson hauv tebchaws Aas Kiv tau tsim cov polyethylene terephthalate (PET) los ntawm dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) thiab ethylene glycol (EG), ib lub polymer uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov fibers nrog cov khoom zoo heev los ntawm yaj spinning.Xyoo 1953, Tebchaws Asmeskas thawj zaug tsim lub Hoobkas los tsim PET fiber ntau, yog li hais, PET fiber yog ib hom kev tsim fiber ntau lig ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers loj.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov organic synthesis, polymer science thiab kev lag luam, ntau yam kev siv PET fibers nrog cov khoom sib txawv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
Xws li polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber ntau thiab polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) fiber ntau nrog elasticity siab elasticity, tag nrho cov aromatic polyester fiber nrog ultra-siab zog thiab siab modulus, thiab lwm yam: lub thiaj li hu ua "polyester fiber" feem ntau hu ua polyethylene terephthalate fiber ntau.
Daim ntawv thov teb
Polyester fiber ntau muaj cov khoom zoo heev, xws li siab tawg lub zog thiab elastic modulus, nruab nrab resilience, zoo heev thermal teeb nyhuv, zoo tshav kub thiab lub teeb.Polyester fiber ntau melting point yog 255 ℃ los yog li ntawd, lub iav hloov kub txog 70 ℃, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kawg-siv tej yam kev mob ruaj khov, ntaub ntxuav thiab hnav tsis kam, ntxiv rau, kuj muaj zoo impedance (xws li tsis kam mus rau organic hnyav. , xab npum, xab npum, tshuaj bleach, oxidant) raws li zoo corrosion kuj, tsis muaj zog acid, alkali, xws li stability, yog li muaj dav siv thiab kev lag luam.Txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam roj av, kuj rau polyester fiber ntau lawm los muab cov khoom siv ntau dua thiab pheej yig, ua ke nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg, tshuab, hluav taws xob tswj kev siv tshuab hauv xyoo tas los no kev tsim cov cuab yeej technology, xws li cov khoom siv raw los tsim, fiber ntau tsim. thiab cov txheej txheem machining maj mam ua tiav luv luv, tsis tu ncua, kev kub ceev thiab automation, polyester fiber tau dhau los ua qhov kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, cov khoom tsim tau ntau yam ntawm hluavtaws fiber ntau.Nyob rau hauv 2010, ntiaj teb no polyester fiber ntau lawm mus txog 37.3 lab tons, accounting rau 74% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho cov hluavtaws fiber ntau lawm.
Lub cev muaj zog
1) Xim.Polyester feem ntau yog opalescent nrog mercerization.Txhawm rau tsim cov khoom matte, ntxiv matte TiO2 ua ntej spinning;los tsim cov khoom dawb huv, ntxiv tus neeg sawv cev dawb;los tsim cov xim lo lo ntxhuav, ntxiv pigment lossis dye hauv spinning yaj.
2) Nto thiab hla ntu zoo li.Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov pa polyester yog du thiab cov hlaws yuav luag puag ncig.Piv txwv li, cov fiber ntau nrog cov duab tshwj xeeb, xws li daim duab peb sab, Y-puab, hollow thiab lwm yam tshwj xeeb-section txhob lo lo ntxhuav, tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev siv cov spinneret tshwj xeeb.
3) Qhov ntom ntom.Thaum polyester yog tag nrho amorphous, nws qhov ceev yog 1.333g / cm3.1.455g / cm3 thaum crystallized tag nrho.Feem ntau, polyester muaj crystallinity siab thiab ceev ntawm 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, uas zoo ib yam li ntaub plaub (1.32g / cm3).
4) Moisture regain tus nqi.Cov dej noo rov qab ntawm polyester hauv tus qauv yog 0.4%, qis dua li ntawm acrylic (1% ~ 2%) thiab polyamide (4%).Polyester muaj hygroscopicity tsawg, yog li nws lub zog ntub dej tsawg dua, thiab cov ntaub yog washable;Tab sis qhov tshwm sim hluav taws xob zoo li qub yog qhov hnyav thaum ua thiab hnav, cov ntaub breathability thiab hygroscopicity tsis zoo.
5) Thermal kev ua haujlwm.Lub softening point T ntawm polyester yog 230-240 ℃, lub melting point Tm yog 255-265 ℃, thiab decomposition point T yog hais txog 300 ℃.Polyester tuaj yeem hlawv hauv hluav taws, curl thiab yaj rau hauv cov hlaws, nrog cov pa luam yeeb dub thiab aroma.
6) Lub teeb tsis kam.Nws lub teeb tsis kam yog thib ob tsuas yog acrylic fiber.Lub teeb tsis kam ntawm dacron muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov qauv molecular.Dacron tsuas yog muaj lub zog nqus dej hauv thaj tsam lub teeb yoj ntawm 315nm, yog li nws lub zog tsuas poob 60% tom qab 600h ntawm tshav ntuj raug, uas zoo ib yam li paj rwb.
7) Kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob.Polyester tsis zoo conductivity vim nws tsis tshua muaj hygroscopicity, thiab nws cov dielectric tas li nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm -100 ~ + 160 ℃ yog 3.0 ~ 3.8, ua rau nws zoo heev insulator.
Mechanical Properties
1) Siab siv zog.Lub zog qhuav yog 4 ~ 7cN / DEX, thaum lub zog ntub dej poob.
2) Nruab nrab elongation, 20% ~ 50%.
3) High modulus.Ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau ntau, qhov pib modulus ntawm polyester yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 14 ~ 17GPa, uas ua rau polyester ntaub ruaj khov hauv qhov loj, tsis deformation, tsis deformation thiab ruaj khov hauv pleating.
4) Zoo resilience.Nws elasticity yog ze rau ntawm cov ntaub plaub, thiab thaum txuas ntxiv los ntawm 5%, nws yuav luag tag nrho rov qab los tom qab thauj khoom.Yog li ntawd, qhov wrinkle kuj ntawm polyester ntaub yog zoo dua li ntawm lwm cov ntaub fibers.
5) Hnav tsis kam.Nws hnav tsis kam yog thib ob tsuas yog nylon, thiab ntau dua li lwm cov hluavtaws fiber ntau, hnav tsis kam yuav luag zoo ib yam.
Tshuaj Stability
Cov tshuaj ruaj khov ntawm polyester feem ntau yog nyob ntawm nws cov qauv saw molecular.Polyester muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau lwm cov reagents tshwj tsis yog nws cov alkali tsis kam.
Acid kuj.Dacron ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organic acids) thiab muab tso rau hauv hydrochloric acid tov nrog ib feem ntawm 5% ntawm 100 ℃.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-14-2022